2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-19357
    E3330
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    E3330 (APX-3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. E3330 is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. E3330 shows anticancer activities.
    E3330
  • HY-100126
    Tubercidin
    		Inhibitor 99.24%
    Tubercidin (7-Deazaadenosine) is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces tubercidicus. Tubercidin inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis (8043) with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. Tubercidin inhibits polymerases by incorporating DNA or RNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication, RNA and protein synthesis. Tubercidin is a weak inhibitor of adenosine phosphorylase, and interferes with the phosphorylation of adenosine and AMP. Tubercidin has antiviral activity.
    Tubercidin
  • HY-129241
    AGX51
    		Antagonist 99.33%
    AGX51 is the first-in-class pan-Id (inhibitors of DNA-binding/differentiation proteins) antagonist and degrader. AGX51 inhibits Id1-E47 interaction, leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Ids, cell growth arrest, and viability reduction. AGX51 can inhibit TNBC and has an IC50 of about 25 nM. AGX51 can be used in cancer research.
    AGX51
  • HY-W010832
    Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y6 receptor native agonist (EC50=300 nM; pEC50=6.52 for human P2Y6 receptor). Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis.
    Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt
  • HY-125276
    TH5487
    		Inhibitor 98.76%
    TH5487 is a potent 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 342 nM. TH5487 stops OGG1 from recognizing its DNA substrate, inhibits DNA repair and modifies OGG1 chromatin dynamics, which results in the inhibition of proinflammatory pathway genes.
    TH5487
  • HY-126214
    JH-RE-06
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    JH-RE-06, a potent REV1-REV7 interface inhibitor (IC50=0.78 μM; Kd=0.42 μM), targets REV1 that interacts with the REV7 subunit of POLζ. JH-RE-06 disrupts mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) by preventing recruitment of mutagenic POLζ. JH-RE-06 improves chemotherapy.
    JH-RE-06
  • HY-N1584A
    Halofuginone hydrobromide
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone hydrobromid is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity. Halofuginone hydrobromid is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Halofuginone hydrobromid has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects.
    Halofuginone hydrobromide
  • HY-15457
    Triciribine
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Triciribine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, also inhibits Akt and HIV-1/2 with IC50 of 130 nM, and 0.02-0.46 μM, respectively.
    Triciribine
  • HY-147313
    TH10785
    		Activator 99.93%
    TH10785 is a DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) activator, TH10785 can interact with the phenylalanine-319 and glycine-42 amino acids of OGG1 and increase the enzyme activity, generates β, δ-lyase enzymatic function. TH10785 can control the catalytic activity mediated by a nitrogen base within its molecular structure. TH10785 can be used for the research of various diseases and aging connected with DNA oxidative lesions.
    TH10785
  • HY-112980A
    Nusinersen sodium
    		99.10%
    Nusinersen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide agent that modifies pre–messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene and thus promotes increased production of full-length SMN protein.
    Nusinersen sodium
  • HY-30272
    Monobenzone
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Monobenzone is a potent skin depigmenting agent. Monobenzone induces depigmentation and exhibits good potential for vitiligo research. Monobenzone is a potent inhibitor of RNR (Ribonucleotide reductase) enzyme activity by targeting RRM2 (a regulatory small subunit M2 of RNR) protein, and thus has significant anti-leukemia efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Monobenzone inhibits acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells proliferation and DNA synthesis, induces cell cycle arrest, and Apoptosis .
    Monobenzone
  • HY-19931
    COH29
    		Inhibitor 98.01%
    COH29 (RNR Inhibitor COH29) is a potent ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor with anticancer activity. COH29 inhibits α and β subunit of RNR with IC50s of 16 μM.
    COH29
  • HY-B1318
    Foscarnet sodium
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Foscarnet sodium (Trisodium phosphonoformate) is a viral DNA polymerase activity inhibitor, leading to reversible suppression of viral replication. Foscarnet sodium is an antiherpesvirus agent used in cytomegalovirus retinitis.
    Foscarnet sodium
  • HY-120836
    AOH1160
    		Inhibitor 99.30%
    AOH1160 is a potent oral small molecule proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that interferes with DNA replication, blocks homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, leads to cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis.
    AOH1160
  • HY-13234
    Rifaximin
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Rifaximin, a gastrointestinal-selective antibiotic, binds the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, resulting in inhibition of bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifaximin susceptibility is higher against Gram-positive strains (MIC: 0.03-5 mg/ml) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (MIC: 8-50 mg/mL).
    Rifaximin
  • HY-16050
    Plitidepsin
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Plitidepsin (Aplidine) is a potent anti-cancer agent by targeting eEF1A2 ( KD=80 nM). Plitidepsin possesses antiviral activity and is against SARS-CoV-2 with an IC90 of 0.88 nM. Plitidepsin is usually used for multiple myeloma and advanced cancer research, and has the potential for COVID-19 research.
    Plitidepsin
  • HY-14776
    Quarfloxin
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Quarfloxin (CX-3543), a fluoroquinolone derivative with antineoplastic activity, targets and inhibits RNA pol I activity, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range in neuroblastoma cells. Quarfloxin disrupts the interaction between the nucleolin protein and a G-quadruplex DNA structure in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) template.
    Quarfloxin
  • HY-B0330A
    Levofloxacin hydrate
    		99.93%
    Levofloxacin hydrate (Levofloxacin hemihydrate) is an orally active antibiotic and is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin hydrate inhibits the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Levofloxacin hydrate can be used for chronic periodontitis, airway inflammation and BK Viremia research. Levofloxacin hydrate shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Levofloxacin hydrate
  • HY-113061
    Pseudouridine
    		99.93%
    Pseudouridine is an isomer of uridine and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNA. It fine-tunes and stabilizes regional structures in rRNA and tRNA, maintaining their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing, and translation. Pseudouridine-modified tRNA fragments can inhibit aberrant protein synthesis and hold promise for research on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-related leukemia..
    Pseudouridine
  • HY-10373
    Trimetrexate
    		Inhibitor 99.22%
    Trimetrexate (CI-898) is an antibiotic, also a potent and orally active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, reducing the production of DNA and RNA precursors and leading to cell death, with IC50 values of 4.74 nM and 1.35 nM for human DHFR and Toxoplasma gondii DHFR. Trimetrexate can also inhibit the growth of various cancer cells. Trimetrexate can be used for researching Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and cancer.
    Trimetrexate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity